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IV. Education · Claim under review

"Without investment in higher education and technical skills, countries cannot industrialize or absorb technology"

🏛️ What does the MDB say? — UNIDO 2023

"No stance expressed: excerpts are citations only, with no UNIDO policy position on funding priorities between foundational learning and higher education/TVET in 2023."

The provided excerpts from UNIDO's 2023 reports consist entirely of bibliographic references to external academic literature on entrepreneurship education, vocational training, and human capital theory — with no original analysis, policy recommendations, or prioritization statements from UNIDO itself regarding foundational learning versus higher education or TVET investment. No excerpt articulates UNIDO's position on allocating scarce funds between basic education and tertiary/skills training.

Original source quotes
📄 Development of Entrepreneurial Skills in Adolescence and Impact on Economic Transformation - A Systematic Review p. 100 Open PDF ↗

"iating mechanisms and cultural generality. Journal of Management, 35(2), 282-306. Barrera-Osorio, F., Kugler, A. D., & Silliman, M. I. (2020). Hard and soft skills in vocational training: Experimental evidence from Colombia. In: National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA. Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5, Part 2), 9-49. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital. Columbia University Press: New York. Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago press. Bergman, N., Rosenblatt, Z., Erez, M., & De-Haan, U. (2011). Gender and the effects of an entrepreneurship training programme on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial knowledge gain [Article]. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(1), 38-54. Bergmann, H., Geissler, M., Hundt, C., & Grave, B. (2018). The climate for entrepreneurship at higher education institutions. Research Policy, 47(4), 700-716. Berry, M. O., Kuriansky, J., Little, M. C., Vistman, B., Mosisili, M. S., Hlothoane, L., Matlanyane, M., Mokobori, T., Mosuhli, S., & Pebane, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial training for girls empowerment in Lesotho: A process evaluation of a model programme [Article]. South African Journal of Psychology, 43(4), 445-458. Berzin, S. C., Lee, H., & Leong, A. D. (2018). Social entrepreneurship as intervention: Findings from a venture development program for marginalized youth. Child & Youth Services, 39(4), 211-227. 95 Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. Bjorvatn, K., Cappelen, A. W., Sekei, L. H., Sørensen, E. Ø., & Tungodden, B. (2020). Teaching Through Television: Experimental Evidence on Entrepreneurship Education in Tanzania. Management Science, 66(6), 2308. Blanchflower, D. G., Oswald, A., & Stutzer, A. (2001). Latent entrepreneurship across nations. European Economic Review, 45(4-6), 680-691. Blau, F. D., Ferber, M. A., & Winkler, A. E. (2013). The economics of women, men and work. Pearson Higher Ed. Blimpo, M. P., & Pugatch, T. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and teacher training in Rwanda. Journal of Development Economics, 149, 102583. Block, J. (2014). Lives through time. Psychology Press. Bloom, B. S. (1985). Developing talent inyoung people. Boukamcha, F. (2015). Impact of training on entrepreneurial intention: an interactive cognitive perspective. European Business Review, 27(6), 593-616. Braunerhjelm, P. (2008)."

⚖️ Academic verdict 1 peer-reviewed papers
🟡 Conditional 1
📚 Academic evidence
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